CPU

CPU is the abbreviation for Central Processing Unit. Sometimes referred to simply as the Central Processors, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is the brains of the computer where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

On large machines, the CPU requires one or more printed circuit board. On personal computers and small work stations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called microprocessors. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.

The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard.

Each motherboard will support only a specific type (or range) of CPU, so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU in your computer. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.

Computer Monitor

Monitor: The monitor displays the video and graphics information generated by the computer through the Video Card. Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually display information at a much higher resolution.

Important Monitor Facts:

A monitor, no matter the type, connects to either an HDMI, DVI, or VGA port on the computer. Before investing in a new monitor, make sure that both devices support the same type of connection.

Monitors are not typically user serviceable.

Monitor Description : Monitors are display devices external to the computer case and connect via a cable to a port on the video card or motherboard. Even though the monitor sits outside the main computer housing, it is an essential part of the complete system.

Terms in GSM (Global system for Mobile Communication)

MS : Mobile Station
BSS : Base Station Subsystem
MSS : Mobile Switching Subsystem
OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center
BSC : Base Station Controller
BTS : Base Transceiver Station
MSC : Mobile Switching Center
VLR : Visitor Location Register
HLR : Home Location Register
AUC : Authentication Center
EIR : Equipment Identity Register
SC : Short message Center
SIM : Subscriber Identification Module
SMS: Short Message Service
PIN : Personal Identification Number
PUK : Pin Unlock Key
GPRS : General Packet Radio System
MMS : Multimedia Message Service
MSISDN : Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number.
IMSI : International Mobile Subscriber Identification Number
MCC : Mobile Country Code
MNC : Mobile Network Code

Mobile Communication

Hello .......where are you a person called to his wife.......but it is possible only with cell phone i.e Mobile phone. Today a person can carry whole world in the small pocket. Its called the modern world where nothing is impossible...............................................

Evolution of GSM Mobile Communication:

1. Mobile communication existed half a century ago, but it was in the 1980's that it was really developed.
2. The main goal of mobile communication is to realize communication among any objects at any time, and in any place.

Land Cellular mobile communication system has gone through 3 stages:
a. First Generation (Analog Mobile Telephone System)
b. Second Generation (Digital Mobile Communication System)
c. Third Generation (Digital Mobile focused on Data)

Motherboard and Hard Disks

Motherboard:
I compare board like a plate where many foods are served to serve the consumer to eat. I mean to say that it  is device where many hardware and other essential things that is used to make a computers are kept.
It is a simple electric kit having many lines called BUS, which is connected with different parts like RAM slot, PCI slot, Power button slot, CPU slot and so on. The whole computer is controlled by motherboard.

RAM: Random access Memory is the full form of RAM. The main function of RAM is to save the instruction at a time when the users give some instruction unless he saves the file to the disk path. It is just a medium or path to save the file in the disk. It is not a permanent saving device.

HARD DISK: It is the storage device where huge number of data can be saved. So, it can be considered as a brain of the computer.Hard disk are of different size from mb (Megabyte) to TB (Terabyte).

A single hard disk usually consists of several platters. Each platter requires two reas/write heads, one for each side. All the read/write heads are attached to a single access arm so that they cannot move independently. Each platter has the same number of tracks, and a track location that cuts across all platters is called a cylinders. For example, a typical 84 megabyte hard disk for a PC might have two platters (four sides) and 1,053 cylinders.

In general, hard disks are less portable than floppies, although it is possible to buy Removable Hard Disks

Hardware and Software

Hardware and Software:

Hardware is anything that helps the computer to run the software. It refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, RAM, PCI slots, VGA Chips, display screens, keyboards, printers, motherboards, and chips. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. Books provide a useful analogy. The pages and the ink are the hardware, while the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software. A computer without software is like a book full of blank pages, you need software to make the computer useful just as you need words to make a book meaningful.Operating system, Programs like MSWORD, MSEXCEL, ORACLE, FREEHAND are some examples of software.

The distinction between software and hardware is sometimes confusing because they are so integrally linked. Clearly, when you purchase a program, you are buying software. But to buy the software, you need to buy the Disk (hardware) on which the software is recorded.

History of Computer 2:

History of computer continues.....    

Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence:

Fifth generation computing devices, based on Artificial Intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as Voice Recognition, that are being used today. The use of Parallel Processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.  Quantum Computation and molecular and Nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

Above are the history of computers that shows how the needs a big room in initial stage and how the computer change its size in this present world